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ObjectiveTo analyze the mental health status and its influencing factors in middle school students under the regular prevention and control of COVID-19， so as to provide references for the intervention and management of their mental health problems. MethodsFrom March 7 to 21， 2021， a stratified random sampling method was used to select 19 352 students from 17 schools in 3 districts and 9 counties of Linyi City， Shandong Province. Basic data were collected through a self-designed questionnaire. All students completed the Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） to assess their mental health status. Then the factors affecting the mental health status of middle school students were screened using independent sample t-test， one-way ANOVA test and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results① A total of 6 350 （32.81%） middle school students were found to have mental health problems. ② Each SCL-90 factor score and total average score yielded statistical difference among middle school students of different genders， relationships with classmate， closeness to friends， concerns about the epidemic， and pressure exerted by schoolwork （P<0.01）. Each SCL-90 factor score and total average score of middle school students were significant different in terms of the hours of smartphone usage for recreation per day， sleep duration per night in hours and exercise frequency （P<0.01）. ③ Multiple stepwise regression analysis denoted that female gender， poor relationship with classmate， no close friend and long hours of smartphone usage for recreation were the risk factors for mental health of middle school students （β=0.096， 0.183， 0.064， 0.232， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe prevalence rate of mild mental health problems is quite high among middle school students under the regular epidemic prevention and control. Additionally， female gender， poor relationship with classmate， no close friend and long hours of smartphone usage for recreation have a negative impact on middle school students' mental health.
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This paper reported a case of a 25-year-old male schizophrenic patient， who obtained remission from psychotic symptoms during the treatment of olanzapine and trihexylphenidyl， was given ziprasidone treatment additionally due to the occurrence of auditory hallucination， and developed stuttering 4 days later. The stuttering disappeared 2 days following the discontinuation of therapy， and reappeared after reinstitution of ziprasidone therapy， but disappeared again after discontinuation. The dose of olanzapine was increased to 20 mg/d to ensure the stability of psychotic remission. At a follow-up visit 4 months later， the patient’s mental condition was stable and stuttering did not recur， indicating that the stuttering was induced by ziprasidone. This case suggests that the possibility of stuttering as an adverse reaction should be considered in the clinical application of ziprasidone.
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The case report aims to raise the concern of clinicians about hiccups as an adverse reaction in olanzapine treatment. A 47-year-old male patient with epileptic mental disorder appeared symptoms of persistent hiccups on the fourth day of treatment with sodium valproate and carbamazepine jointing 10 mg/d olanzapine， and the symptoms disappeared two days after olanzapine withdrawal. The patient began to take olanzapine again， hiccups reappeared seven days after administration and relieved two days after withdrawal. During the whole treatment period， the dosage of sodium valproate and carbamazepine remained unchanged， indicating that the hiccups was induced by olanzapine. This case suggests that the possibility of hiccups should be considered in the clinical application of olanzapine.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the early events of norcantharidin (NCTD) induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, the variation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the NF-E2-relate? dactor 2/antioxidant response element(Nrf2/ARE) pathway in human HepG2 cells. METHODS The cyto?toxicity was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The intra toxicity ROS production was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis with DCFH-DA probe and the effect of NCTD on Nrf2/ARE pathway was detected by luciferase assay in HepG2C8 cells under the same condition. The mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) antioxidase gene in Nrf2/ARE pathway downstream was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS No significant cytotoxicity was detected after HepG2 cells were treated with NCTD 30, 60 and 120 μmol · L- 1 for 3 and 6 h, but cellular viability was inhibited significantly by NCTD 30, 60 and 120μmol·L-1 for 24, 48 and 72 h(P<0.01). Cell apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest occurred after HepG2 cells were treated with NCTD 60μmol · L-1 for 12, 24 and 48 h. The percentage of apoptosis increased from (4.00 ± 1.98)%to (12.10 ± 1.70)%for 12 h, from (4.05 ± 0.21)%to (31.8 ± 6.50)%for 24 h, and from (3.90 ± 0.85)% to (33.30 ± 1.41)% for 48 h, respectively. The percentage of G2/M phase increased from (16.51 ± 1.58)% to (40.89 ± 0.18)% for 12 h, from (16.99 ± 1.32)% to (55.29 ± 3.99)% for 24 h, and from (14.45 ± 0.59)% to (50.66 ± 5.88)% for 48 h, respectively. Compared with cell control group, the percentage of G1 phase had a significant decrease in the group with NCTD treated at different time points(P<0.01). No significant change in ROS in HepG2 cells was detected after the treatment with NCTD 30, 60 and 120μmol · L-1 for 3, 6 and 12 h. Nrf2/ARE pathway in HepG2C8 cells was activated by NCTD 30, 60 and 120μmol·L-1 for 6 and 12 h. mRNA expression of HO-1 and NQO1 had a signifi?cant activation in HepG2 cells after treatment with NCTD 30, 60 and 120 μmol · L-1 for 6 and 12 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION NCTD can activate Nrf2/ARE pathway in the early stage in HepG2 cells, which may inhibit the intracellular ROS production in the early stage. Activation of ROS may not be the main event in NCTD induced HepG2 cell apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the cytotoxic activity of Arca subcrenata Lischke anticancer protein(ASAP)constituents on human myeloid leukemia K562 cells in vitro and analyze its anticancer mechanisms. METHODS ASAP was extracted by low temperature water and ammonium sulfate precipitation. Protein concentration of ASAP was detected by Bradford method. Morphological changes of cultured K562 cells treated with ASAP were observed under the inverted phase-contrast micro?scope. The cell and nucleus changes were analyzed by Giemsa staining. The cytotoxicity of ASAP on K562 cells was detected by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis and cell cycle of K562 cells treated with ASAP. The expression of apoptosis and cell cycle related proteins procaspase 3, caspase 3,P53 and programmed cell death 4(PDCD4)were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS ASAP exhibited significant cytotoxic effect on K562 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The concentration-effect correlation coefficient of ASAP 50,100 and 200 mg · L-1 on K562 cells for 24, 48 and 72 h was 0.851,0.8977 and 0.8997,respectively. Under an optical microscope,K562 cells showed cytomorphosis,or nuclear fragmentation after treatment with ASAP 200 mg · L-1 for 48 h. Flow cytometry analysis and Giemsa staining assay indicated that apoptotic cells increased and G2/M phase cells accumulated significantly with the increase of ASAP concentration. After treatment with ASAP 200 mg · L-1 for 48 h,the early and late apoptosis cell rate increased to(32.8 ± 0.1)%and(31.2 ± 2.2)%vs control group(3.7 ± 1.1)% and (9.9 ± 0.8)%(P<0.01),respectively,and the G2/M phase cells increased to (55.2 ± 1.7)% vs (15.3 ± 0.8)% in control group(P<0.01). After treatment with ASAP 200 mg · L-1 for 0-40 h,the expression of apoptotic protein procaspase 3 was down-regulated and its active form caspase 3 was significantly up-regulated at 32 h,while PDCD4 and P53 protein expression was down-regulated significantly in 0-40 h. CONCLUSION Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced in G2/M phase may account for ASAP cytotoxic activity to K562 cells. K562 cell apoptosis induced by ASAP depends on caspase 3 signal pathway. Down-regulated expression of PDCD4 and P53 proteins may be related to K562 cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase by ASAP.
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To quantify the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and to screen drugs related to the regulation of NF-κB activation, we constructed a recombinant plasmid through deleting the original CMV promoter of retrovirus vector pQCXIP and inserting the NF-κB enhancer and NanoLuc luciferase sequence into the vector. Then, using the recombinant plasmid we constructed a cell line in which the expression of NanoLuc luciferase (NLuc) was regulated by NF-κB. The inserted sequences were verified by restriction endonuclease digestion and sequencing. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), an NF-κB activator, acted on the constructed NLuc cell line and leaded to the specific luciferase reaction. The luciferase reaction showed a fine time and dose dependence to the TNF-α stimulation, indicating the successful construction of the NF-κB regulated NLuc-expressing cell line. Besides, the NF-κB inhibitor, triptolide, reduced the expression of NLuc in a dose-dependent way. The constructed reporter system in this study could be applied in the quantification of the NF-κB transcriptional activity and in the NF-κB regulation-related drug screening.
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The use of psychotropic medications during pregnancy causes withdrawal symptoms in 20％ ～ 30％ of newborns.The main clinical features of neonatal psychotrpic withdrawal syndrome are neurologic excitability,gastrointestinal dysfunction,respiratory symptoms and autonomic nervous dysfunctions.Because the clinical features of neonatal psychotropic withdrawal syndrome are non-specific,it was easily misdiagnosed.We should get the details of disease history in mothers,especially medication using during pregnancy,closely observe clinical symptoms,assess patients by the neonatal drug withdrawal scoring system,make laboratory test and other accessory examination,exclude other diseases.Supportive treatment is essential to this disease,pharmacologic therapy (such as phenobarbital) could be adopted if necessary.
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OBJECTIVE Toinvestigatethedifferenceofcytotoxiceffectsofhydroxycamptothecin(HCPT)onhuman lungcancercelsA549andhumanembryolungfibroblastcelsMRC-5.METHODS A549celsandMRC-5celswere treated with HCPT 20-200 μmol·L-1 for 24,48 and 72 h,or pulse treated with HCPT 50-400 μmol·L-1 for 24 h along with 5 d release.cellsurvival was detected by MTT assay.Morphological changes for both types of cells were observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope.cellcycle and apoptosis in both cells treated with HCPT 50 μmol·L-1 for 48 h weredeterminedbyflowcytometry.RESULTS HCPT20-200μmol·L-1inhibitedthesurvivalofbothcelsinaconcen-tration-dependent manner and more cytotoxicity was observed in A549 cells for 48 h.The concentration-effect correlation coefficient(r)of HCPT in A549 and MRC-5 cells for 48 h was 0.898 (P=0.015)and 0.996 (P=2.56E-5)respectively. The inhibition rates were significantly different between A549 and MRC-5 cells with treatment of HCPT 20,50,80,1 00, 1 60 and 200 μmol·L-1 for 48 h (P<0.05).The IC50 of HCPT on A549 and MRC-5 cells was (24.00 ±0.69)μmol·L-1 and (1 23.63 ±3.89)μmol·L-1 respectively,indicating that A549 cells were 5-fold more sensitive to HCPT than MRC-5 cells at 48 h.After exposure to HCPT 50 μmol·L-1 for 48 h,some A549 cells were rounded up and shrank dramatical y, and some cells underwent membrane blebbing or lysing while MRC-5 cells had no obvious changes.cellcycle and apop-tosis analysis showed that A549 cells were arrested at both S and G2/M phases and apoptosis occurred but MRC-5 cells were just arrested at S phase.In the recovery growth curve,the growth of A549 cells was inhibited to a larger extent than MRC-5 cells and the growth retardation stil existed for 24 h in both cells.The survival of MRC-5 cells was faster than that ofA549cels,althoughtherewasnocompleterecoveryineithercel.CONCLUSION A549celsaremoresensitiveto HCPT than MRC-5 cells due to the fact that HCPT induces cellcycle arrest at both S and G2/M phases and apoptosis in A549 cells,but only triggers S phase arrest in the MRC-5 cells.
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Objective To investigate the influence of internet addictive disorder(IAD) patient' s family cohesion and adaptability effect with Satir family therapy.Methods According with table of random number,the patients (n =120) with IAD were divided into two groups,test group with the 60 patients and the control group with 60.All of subjects were given Linyi mental health center conventional interventions,test group with satir family therapy and the control group without the therapy.Measurements with the addiction self-test scale and the family cohesion and adaptability scale for five months before and after the intervention.The differences of the two groups were analyzed,and then the correlation analysis were used.Results After the intervention of the test group with Satir family therapy,compared to control group,the IAD score (54.28 ± 4.69) and family ideal cohesion (74.64 ±3.22),real cohension (70.42 ± 3.66),ideal adaptability (54.08 ± 5.78),cohesion dissatisfaction degree (5.07 ±1.64) and adaptability dissatisfaction degree (2.23 ± 0.85) score were all had statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).IAD score,ideal cohesion,real cohension,ideal adaptability and real adaptability score,before and after the intervention between the control group and the test group had statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion The Satir family therapy can improve family cohesion and the adaptability,and also effectively improve the parent-child relationship.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the damage effect of different fractions from Polygonum multiflorum on normal human liver and liver cancer cells, in order to seek for fractions that can obviously kill cancer cells but have less impact on normal liver cells, and make a preliminary study on different mechanism of the two kinds of cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>P. multiflorum water-eluted fraction (RW), 50% ethanol-eluted fraction (R50) and 95% ethanol-eluted fraction (R95) were successively obtained from 70% ethanol extracts of P. multiflorum, after being eluted by water, 50% ethanol and 95% ethanol and then absorbed by AB-8 macroporous resin. Normal human liver L02 cells and liver cancer HepG2 cells were incubated with cell supernatants from different fractions and cells. MTT method and inverted microscope were adopted to observe the impact of L02 on growth of HepG2 cells, screening fractions with damage effect and detect their doses and time effect. Giemsa stain showed changes in cell nucleus after administration and flow cytometry analysis was used to detect cycle and apoptosis of L02 cells.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>MTT method and inverted microscope showed that R50 had significant growth inhibition effects on L02 and HepG2 cells. According to giemsa stain and flow cytometry analysis, R50 showed different effect on inducing the two cells: there are much more apoptotic HepG2 cells than apoptotic L02 cells in each time phase (the proportion of the apoptosis cells in HepG2 group were 83.62%, 60.52% and 74.49%, and ID2 31.02%, 20.57% and 25.32% after treated with R50 for 24, 48, 72 h. Both cells showed less than 5% of apoptotic cells in the negative control group in each time phase). However, there is no significant impact on cycle of both cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>R50 from P. multiflorum extracts had different damage effects on human liver L02 cells and liver cancer HepG2 cells, which was caused by different degree of induction on apoptosis of the two cells in nature.</p>
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Humans , Antineoplastic Agents , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Cell Cycle , Cell Proliferation , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Hep G2 Cells , Liver , Cell Biology , Pathology , Liver Neoplasms , Pathology , Polygonum , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To study intelligence status and affecting factors in epilepsy patients. Methods Fifty three patients and the same number of normal controls were evaluated with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-RC) ,and the related factors were investigated with self-made questionnaires. Results The verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ), performance intelligence quotient (PIQ) and full-scale intelligence quotient (FIQ) were(68.17±8.58),(67.40 ± 10.05) ,(65.04 ±9.45) respectively, lower than those of normal controls (106.31 ±10.25), (108.45 ± 11.34) ,(107. 42 ±11.03) respectively. Main influencing factors contributing to VIQ were frequency of epileptic seizure, education level and etiological classification of epilepsy. Main influencing factors contributing to PIQ were frequency of epileptic seizure and education level. Main influencing factors contributing to FIQ were frequency of epileptic seizure, education level and history of traumatic brain injury or encephalitis. Conclusion Intelligence status is lower in epilepsy patients and its influencing factors are related to many respects.
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Objective: To analyze the chemical constituents of Polygonum multiflorum extract which may cause human liver cell damage and to explore the mechanism. Methods: Raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum were extracted by 70% ethanol, then raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum water-eluted material (RW and PW), 50% ethanol-eluted material (R50 and P50) and 95% ethanol-eluted material (R95 and P95) were obtained by absorbing through AB-8 macroporous resin, followed by water, 50% ethanol and 95% ethanol elution in order. The water extracts of raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum (RWE or PWE) were obtained by boiling them in water as usual. Normal human liver L02 cells were treated by different concentrations of eluted Polygonum multiflorum materials for different time, and the cell growth inhibition of each group was determined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide method. The chemical constituents which had a significant cytotoxicity to L02 cells were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Morphological changes of L02 cells were observed by Giemsa staining and cell cycle distribution was observed by flow cytometry. Results: It was found that 95% ethanol-eluted extracts of raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum showed significant growth inhibition on normal human liver L02 cells, while the other components showed no significant inhibition on cell growth. HPLC analysis showed that the main component in 95% ethanol-eluted extract of raw and processed Polygonum multiflorum was emodin at content of (18.53+/-2.96)% and (10.28+/-1.34)% respectively. Cell cycle analysis showed that 95% ethanol-eluted material of Polygonum multiflorum and emodin had a similar significant effect of S phase arrest and all could induce L02 cell apoptosis. Conclusion: The main part of Polygonum multiflorum causing liver cell damage is the 95% ethanol-eluted extract, and emodin is one of the important chemical constituents leading to liver cell damage.
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To provide a reference for rational clinical medication and review the irrational use and factors relating the adverse events of Polygonum multiflorum. The literatures on P. multiflorum published between 1978 and 2008 were reviewed and the reports on clinical use were analyzed. A total of 26 literatures were retrieved. 38 cases of adverse drug event were reported, 10 cases of allergy, 24 cases of liver damage, and 4 cases presented with other adverse events. Irrational use is common in both self-medication and doctor prescription. It is one of the main factors of adverse events. Improving clinical rational use is the most important way to control its risk.
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Polygonum , Chemistry , Prescriptions , Retrospective Studies , Risk ManagementABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To screen the anti-tumor fraction of ethanol extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak and investigate its anti-tumor effect on human leukemia cell line. METHODS: Ethyl acetate, n-butanol and acetone fractions were separated from the ethanol extracts of wild Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. Growth inhibiting effects of these extracts on human leukemia cell lines K562 and HL-60 were determined by live cell counting and cell growth curve analysis. The possible anti-tumor mechanism was studied by morphological analysis with norcantharidin as a positive control. RESULTS: Ethyl acetate fraction could significantly inhibit the proliferations of K562 and HL-60 cells, and the inhibiting effect depended on the concentration of ethyl acetate fraction. Ethyl acetate fraction could induce apoptosis of K562 and HL-60 cells. The n-butanol and acetone fractions had no significant inhibiting effect on K562 and HL-60 cells. CONCLUSION: Ethyl acetate fraction is the major anti-tumor fraction in ethanol extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the anti-tumor and immunological effect of extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak on mice transplanted S180 tumor cells. METHODS: Different doses of volatile oil and alcohol extracted substances from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak were given to mice bearing S180 tumor for 9 days. Tumor inhibition rates and coefficients of spleen and thymus were determined. RESULTS: Tumor inhibition rates of the groups with alcohol extracts (40 g crude drug.kg(-1).d(-1) and 20 g crude drug.kg(-1).d(-1)) were 51.5% (P<0.01) and 36.4% (P<0.05) respectively, and those of the groups with volatile oil (40 g crude drug.kg(-1).d(-1) and 20 g crude drug.kg(-1).d(-1))were both 39.4% (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak have anti-tumor activities. The coefficient of spleen in group with alcohol extracts (40 g crude drug.kg(-1).d(-1))was close to normal value, and its coefficient of thymus was between that of the negative control group and the group with cyclophosphamide (0.02 g.kg(-1).d(-1)). The anti-tumor activity of the alcohol extracts was significantly higher than that of the control group and the tumor inhibition rate was depending on drug concentration. Depending on index of immunity,the extracts from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak may have some influences on immunity.